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crucial
Maize is a crucial cereal crop globally, supporting food security, industry, and economic development. Originating in Mesoamerica over 9,000 years ago, maize has spread worldwide, cultivated on every continent except Antarctica. It ranks among the top three grains globally, alongside wheat and rice, for its versatility, productivity, and adaptability.
Maize is a highly adaptable crop that can thrive in various climates and soils, making it crucial in both high-input and low-input farming systems. Its efficient conversion of sunlight into biomass through the C4 photosynthetic pathway makes it one of the most productive cereal crops. However, intensive cultivation poses challenges such as soil nutrient depletion, pest vulnerability, and water stress due to climate change. Despite these challenges, maize remains a vital resource and a crop under constant scientific, technological, and policy attention.
adaptable
important
Socially and economically, maize holds immense importance. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, it provides over 30% of daily caloric intake for millions of people. Globally, it supports farm livelihoods for smallholders, medium-scale producers, and large agribusinesses. The maize trade is a key component of global agricultural markets, with major exporters including the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Ukraine. Changes in maize supply and pricing can significantly impact consumers and industries dependent on maize-derived products.